Page 124 - eBook_Proceedings of the International Conference on Digital Manufacturing V2

Proceedings of the International Conference on Digital Manufacturing –
Volume 2

maintaining proper alignment between the photovoltaic panels
and the sun's trajectory throughout the day.
The precision of the algorithm, combined with real-time sensor
feedback enables the system to achieve optimal solar energy
captured through automated positional adjustments.

Motorised Movement

The linear servo motor serves as the primary tracking actuator due
to its capability to provide smooth and precise panel movement.
The servo's integrated resistance feedback system enables the
microcontroller to execute controlled, incremental angular
adjustments, ensuring accurate positioning throughout the sun's
daily path. This servo-based approach guarantees that the panel
assembly can make gradual, measured corrections to
accommodate the continuous shift in solar position from sunrise
to sunset. The precise degree-by-degree movement capability
allows for optimal energy capture by maintaining proper panel
alignment with changing solar angles. A separate stepper motor
handles the mechanical operation of the solar flower petal system,
controlling the opening and closing sequence of the panel
arrangement. This dual-motor configuration provides independent
control over both the tracking functionality and the deployment
mechanism, allowing the system to both orient toward the sun and
adjust its physical configuration as needed.

Energy Storage and Utilisation

The electrical energy produced by the photovoltaic panels is
stored in a 12-volt, 5-amp battery system. While the current
prototype utilises a compact structure with small-scale solar
panels, this design demonstrates the scalability potential of the
system architecture. The modular nature of the design allows for
flexible sizing options to accommodate varying energy demands.
The system can be scaled up or down to meet small-scale
residential applications, medium-capacity commercial
installations, or large-scale industrial energy requirements. This
adaptability makes the sunflower-inspired solar tracking system

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