Page 107 - eBook_Proceedings of the International Conference on Digital Manufacturing V2

Fabrication and Characterization of a Low-Cost Piezoelectric using Rochelle
Salt for Energy Harvesting and Sensor Applications

foundation for future research into adapting these methods for
ferrous metals and there was already few research on it.

SUMMARY

In summary, while SSMP is not commonly applied to ferrous and
non-ferrous metals, recent advancements in processing
technologies and the potential for combining SSMP with other
methods offer opportunities for future development in this area.
Developing new methods to modify these microstructures could
enhance the applicability of SSMP for ferrous and non-ferrous
metals. There are several properties and characteristics that
influence SSMP. The most obvious characteristic is the melting
point where ferrous metals are higher to non-ferrous metal which
make the former to be processed at higher temperature. However,
it will eventually get worse as ferrous metals are more prone to
oxidation at high temperatures, while non-ferrous metals have
higher resistance to oxidation and corrosion. Lastly, in
comparison, the microstructure for ferrous metals is more
complex, while non-ferrous metals have coarser grains and
diverse phases. It is challenging for ferrous metal to get the desired
properties due to the narrow semi-solid temperature range. Further
research is needed to overcome the challenges associated with
processing ferrous metals in a semi-solid state by taking into
account those distinct properties and characteristics that influence
their processing and final applications.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors would like to thank Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Al-
Sultan Abdullah, for funding this work with the International
Publication Grant, Project Number RDU 243301.

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