Page 106 - eBook_Proceedings of the International Conference on Digital Manufacturing V2

Proceedings of the International Conference on Digital Manufacturing –
Volume 2

Figure 41: Microstructures of the initial and radial-forged AISI
1010 steel bar: (a) initial microstructure, (b & c) edge position after
radial forging, (d & e) centre position after radial forging (Li,
Wang, Li, Liu & Zhao, 2023).

Other SSMP for Ferrous

These recent advancements in SSMP technologies offer potential
opportunities for processing ferrous metals. Unfortunately, there
are fewer specific processes or techniques of SSMP directly
assigned for ferrous metals. Several techniques are still applied to
ferrous metal or steel, such as thixojoining, spray casting, semi-
solid twin roll casting, rheo-extrusion, and thixo-extrusion (Ji,
Wang & Dong, 2022; Li, Wang, Li, Liu & Zhao, 2023; Hirt et al.,
2006; Mohammed, Omar, Salleh & Alhawari, 2013; Omar,
Atkinson & Kapranos, 2011; Zhao, Li, Yan, Zhang & Wu, 2019).
Review shows that non-ferrous metal has more advantages and is
preferable to ferrous metal compared to SSMP. The
characteristics of ferrous metal, such as a higher melting point and
strength, give challenges in SSMP. However, the principles and
technologies developed for non-ferrous metals provide a

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