Page 103 - eBook_Proceedings of the International Conference on Digital Manufacturing V2

Fabrication and Characterization of a Low-Cost Piezoelectric using Rochelle
Salt for Energy Harvesting and Sensor Applications

processing produced a fine-grained martensitic matrix with
uniformly distributed fine carbides, while effectively eliminating
sharp-edged primary chromium (Figure ).

This treatment significantly enhanced the hardness of the steel,
reaching values up to 905 HV10 after cryogenic treatment.
Furthermore, the treated steel exhibited markedly improve wear
resistance compared to both the untreated and conventional heat-
treated samples. In sandblast testing, a 40% reduction in weight
loss was observed, and the pin-on-disc test confirmed lower wear
rates for the treated samples (Jirková, Rubešová, Jeníček, Hradil
& Kučerová, 2022). This research highlights that the innovative
approach to SSMP produces a significant finding. However, this
research involves high operating temperature, up to 1250 °C due
to the properties of the steel.

The study also encountered challenges in maintaining uniform
temperature distribution during semi-solid processing and in
achieving the targeted liquid phase fraction within the
microstructure.

Figure 38: Forming deformation sequence for the case involving
five (5) deformation steps (Jirková, Rubešová, Jeníček, Hradil &
Kučerová, 2022).

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