Page 102 - eBook_Proceedings of the International Conference on Digital Manufacturing V2

Proceedings of the International Conference on Digital Manufacturing –
Volume 2

potential to revolutionise the processing of ferrous metals, making
it more efficient and cost-effective while producing high-quality
components.

RECENT TECHNOLOGIES IN SSMP FOR FERROUS

For ferrous metals, SSMP faces challenges such as in achieving a
non-dendritic microstructure and managing high processing
temperatures. However, integrating SSMP with complementary
technologies, such as severe plastic deformation or heat treatment,
has the potential to further enhance the microstructure and
mechanical properties of ferrous metals (Jirková, Rubešová,
Jeníček, Hradil & Kučerová, 2022). Examples of the
combinations were given and discussed as follows:

Combination of Semi-solid and Cryogenic Processing

For instance, a study investigated the enhancement of wear
resistance in ledeburitic tool steel X210Cr12 through a
combination of semi-solid processing and cryogenic treatment.
While previous studies have explored various approaches to
improve wear resistance, such as direct quenching, redistribution,
and new manufacturing technologies (BoChao, YoungKoo &
HongSheng, 2011; Miller, et al., 2000; Tajudin, Ahmad, Alias,
Alang & Naher, 2025; Rojacz, Katsich, Kirchgaßner, Kirchmayer
& Badisch, 2022; Haiko et al., 2020), the sequential application of
semi-solid processing, followed by cryogenic treatment remains
relatively underexplored for ledeburitic tool steels (Jirková,
Rubešová, Jeníček, Hradil & Kučerová, 2022). In this study, the
steel was initially heated to 1250 °C, held for 60 minutes, and
subsequently quenched in water.

This was followed by reheating it to 1080 °C and forming it on
a hydraulic press with varying deformation steps; three (3), five
(5), or ten (10) steps, as illustrated in Figure . The samples then
underwent cryogenic treatment at 160 °C for 24 hours, followed
by tempering at 300 °C for 2 hours. The research yielded several
notable findings. The combined semi-solid and cryogenic

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