Page 95 - eBook_Proceedings of the International Conference on Digital Manufacturing V2

Fabrication and Characterization of a Low-Cost Piezoelectric using Rochelle
Salt for Energy Harvesting and Sensor Applications

SSMP significantly boosts its strength and durability, ideal for
automotive, aerospace, and transport uses (Ahmad, Naher &
Brabazon, 2014; Chanda, 1979). This is achieved by carefully
controlling pouring temperature and holding time to form a fine,
globular structure that improves flow and reduces defects
(Tajudin, Ahmad, Alias, Razak & Alang, 2023; Ahmad, Naher &
Brabazon, 2014; Ahmad, Naher & Brabazon, 2013).

Meanwhile, ferrous metals, including steel alloys and cast iron,
are increasingly used in SSMP for their strength, durability, and
wear resistance, making them suitable for automotive applications
such as chassis, blocks, and brake components. However, ferrous
metal in SSMP is also expanding for steel alloys and cast iron as
they give strength, durability, and wear resistance, which makes
them more reliable for automotive applications such as chassis,
blocks, and brake components (Kirkwood, Suéry, Kapranos,
Atkinson & Young, 2010; Mohammed, Omar, Salleh, Alhawari &
Kapranos, 2013; Kapranos, 2019).

Choosing the right material is vital in SSMP, as it affects the
product’s quality, strength, and use. Both ferrous and non-ferrous
metal play key roles in achieving desired outcome (Hirt & Kopp,
2009; Atkinson & Rassili, 2010; Fei, Xu, Yao & Zhou, 2022).
Therefore, this literature aims to explore the significance of
choosing appropriate materials for SSMP, focusing on the distinct
characteristics and benefits of ferrous and non-ferrous metals.

RECENT TECHNOLOGIES IN SSMP FOR NON-
FERROUS

Researchers have conducted various studies in SSMP to improve
the quality of globular microstructure, reduce porosity, and near-
net-shape forming. Grain refinement remains a cornerstone in
SSMP for enhancing mechanical properties and flow behaviour,
especially for non-ferrous alloys, such as aluminium (Tajudin,
Ahmad, Alias, Razak & Alang, 2023). The following discussion
will explain several examples of studies involving SSMP on non-
ferrous alloys.

79