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Proceedings of the International Conference on Digital Manufacturing –
Volume 2
(a) (b)
Figure 5: (a) Real-world stacking condition. (b) Boundary
condition applied to the bottle stacked in the most-lower layer.
The top load is calculated based on the 6-layer stacking of
cartons, the mass of total bottles along with their caps, the mass of
total cartons, the mass of the fluid inside bottles, and the mass of
upper pallet.
Grid Independence Test
A graphical representation of one of the fine grids is demonstrated
in Figure 6. The grid was refined near the top neck region to
confirm that the numerical results are accurate and independent of
number of mesh elements for all four studied cases. Error!
Reference source not found. depicts the variation of maximum
von-misses stress and maximum deformation with the number of
mesh elements. It is clearly obvious from the table that all the
results obtained from numerical simulation on case (a), (b), and
(c) are mesh independent and fully force converged.
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